Introduction

A t-shirt is style of fabric shirt name after t shape of its body and sleeves,traditionally it has short sleeves and round neckline,know as crew neck,which lacks a coolar. T shirt ,generally made of stretchy,light and in expensive fabrics and are easy to clean.

Typically made of cotton textile in stockinette or Jersey knit,it is a distinctively pliable texture compared to shirt it is made of woven cloth. Some modern version have made a body made from a continously knitted tube,produced in circular knitting machine such that torso has no side seems,manufactured of t-shirt became highly automated may including cutting fabric with a lesser or water jet.

The t-shirt evolved from under garment used in 19th century and mid 20th transitioned undergarment to general use casual clothing

A v-neck ,t neck,v neck shaped in neckline as opposed to round neckline of more common crew neck shirt (also called u neck)v neck introduce so that the neck line of the shirt does not show when worn breath an outer shirt as would that crew neck shirt.

Variety and types of t-shirt

Tie-down

Tie dye organized in India, Japan,Jamaica and Africa and early as sixty centuries.some forms of tie-dye bhandani used in Indian culture,shibori primarily used in Japanese culture it was not until 1960 that tie dye was introduced to America during hippie movement.

Dye sublimation printing

Dye sublimation printing is direct to garment digital printing technology using full color artwork to transfer image to polyester coated substrate based t-shaped dye sublimation came into wide spread use in 21st century enamel some design previously impossible printed with unlimited color using large CMYK printers with special papers and ink is impossible, unlike screen printing for each color of the design all over print t-shirt had solved problem with color fading and vibrancy is higher than most standard printing methods required synthetic fabrics for ink to take hold. The key features dye-sublimated clothing is that design is not printed on top of garments permanent dyed into threads of shirt ensuring that will never fade.

Dye sublimation Is economically viable for small quantity printing the unit cost is similar for long or short production runs.screen printing have higher setup costs required larger number to be produced to be cost effective unit cost higher.

Solid ink changed into gas without passing to liquid phrase using heat pressure.these design is first produced in computer images file format such as jpg,gif,png computer printing using large heat pressure to vaporize ink into fabric.mid 2012 had widely used t-shirt.

Screen printing

The most common form of commercial t-shirt, decorating is screen printing the design separated into individual colors pastisol or water based ink are applied to shirt through mesh screen which limited area were ink is deposited in most of the commercial t-shirt printing the specific color design are used to achieve wider colors spectrum with limited number of color process printing (using megneta,cyan,yellow,black) or simulated process using(white,black,red,blue and golden ink)is effective process printing best suited for light color shirt and simulated process dark color shirt.

In 1959 invention of pistisol provided an ink more durable and stretchable than water based ink allowing much more variety in t-shirt design very few companies continue to using water base ink on their shirt the majority of companies created shirt prefer pastisol due to ability to print varying color without need for color adjustments at art level.

Specially ink trend in and out on fashion include shimmer,puff,discharge,chinos based ink. In a metallic foil can be heat pressed stempered onto any pastisol ink combined with shimmer ink metallic give mirrors like effect whenever previously screened pastisol ink was applied speciality are more expensive to perchance as well as screens are trend to appear on garments in boutiques.

Other methods of decorations used on t-shirts include airbrush,applique,embroidery,impressing,embossing and ironing either flock lettering ,heat transfer,dye sublimation transfer, laser printers are capable of printing on plain paper using special tonner contain sublimation dyes which can be permanently heat transfer to t-shirt.

In 1980 thermo chromatic dyes used to produce t-shirt changed color when subjected to heat. The global hyper color brand on common site on street of UK in few years mostly disappeared these were also popular in UK among teenagers in 1980.a downside color changed garments is the dye easily be damaged especially washing in warm water or dye others clothes during washing.

Heat transfer vinyl(HTV)

Another form of t-shirt decoration called htv.polyurethane material that appeal to designers to create unique layed designs from specialized computer software programs.once the design is created it is then cut through the material called using vinyl cutter machine.

There are dorzen of different colors available as well as glitter,reflective,and even now unique patterns which comes in rolls and sheet .

After designing there is process called "wedding"

Their by area of design do not represent design picked away from transfer sheets removed so intended design remains htv is typically smooth to touch does not feel rubbery or stiff. The edges are typically clean cut and produce high contrast.

Designer's can also create multiple colors design or multi layer designs using htv these process would be done in design software before design send to cutter for the different material. A heat press is then used to apply pressure and heat to the vinyl so that the material is permanently adhered to the garment.the temperature and pressure vary according to manufacturer specifications.